Imishini Yokupakisha Ukudla Iyathuthukela Ekusebenziseni Kahle Kakhulu Futhi Ekusebenziseni Amandla Aphansi
Imishini yokupakisha ayikwazi nje ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo, yehlise izinga labasebenzi, kodwa futhi ivumelane nezidingo zokukhiqiza okukhulu futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zokukhucululwa kwendle, okwenza imishini yokupakisha ibe yisikhundla esibalulekile emkhakheni wokucubungula ukudla. Ekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1970, imboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina yaqala, ngenani eliphumayo lonyaka lama-yuan ayizigidi ezingama-70 kuya kwezingama-80 kanye nezinhlobo eziyi-100 kuphela zemikhiqizo.
Namuhla, imboni yemishini yokupakisha e-China ngeke isaqhathaniswa nalokho ngosuku olufanayo. I-China isiyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elikhiqiza impahla kanye nokuthekelisa kwamanye amazwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, umbono womhlaba wonke nawo ugxile emakethe yokupakisha ekhula ngokushesha, enkulu futhi engase ibe khona yaseShayina. Uma ithuba liba likhulu, umncintiswano uba namandla. Nakuba izinga lomkhiqizo wemboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina selifinyelele ezingeni elisha, inkambiso yezinga elikhulu, isethi ephelele kanye ne-automation isiqalile ukuvela, futhi imishini enokudlulisa okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuqukethwe kobuchwepheshe obuphezulu nayo isiqalile ukubonakala. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yaseShayina kuhlangabezane nesidingo esiyisisekelo sasekhaya futhi kwaqala ukuthekelisa eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nasemazweni omhlaba wesithathu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zemakethe, imboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseShayina nayo isifinyelele esiphambanweni, futhi ukuguqulwa nokulungiswa kwemboni yemishini yokupakisha sekuyinkinga okufanele icatshangelwe. Kuwumkhuba ojwayelekile ukuthuthuka ngendlela yejubane eliphezulu, imisebenzi eminingi kanye nobuhlakani, ukuya emgwaqeni osezingeni eliphezulu, ukuze kufinyelelwe ezinyathelweni zamazwe athuthukile, nokuhambela umhlaba wonke.
Imishini yaseShayina yokupakisha ukudla ithuthukela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi
Imboni yemishini yokupakisha e-China ibonise umfutho oqinile wentuthuko, futhi abakhiqizi baya ngokuya benaka ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokupakisha esheshayo neshibhile. Imishini ithuthuka ibheke kokuncane, okuguquguqukayo, okunezinjongo eziningi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngohlelo lokuthuthukisa imboni yemishini yokudla yaseChina ngokulingisa njalo nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe, izoqhubeka nokusilethela imiphumela eqinile yemakethe, futhi intuthuko izokwandisa kakhulu amandla ayo, igcine isivinini esivamile emakethe yethu. Mayelana nentuthuko yamanje yemboni yemishini yokudla, lisekhona igebe elikhulu. Nakuba kube nokuthuthuka okukhulu, * ngokuyinhloko kuyigebe elikhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Manje abantu baphishekela indawo yokuqala yentuthuko, futhi bazoqhubeka nokusinika ukufinyelela emishinini yokudla yemfashini engaba khona.
Imboni ekhulayo yemishini yokudla isivuse isidingo esinamandla semakethe semishini yokudla, okuyisinyathelo esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokudla yaseShayina, ukuqaphela ukutholakala kwayo kanye nesidingo sayo, futhi izoqhubeka nokusinikeza amathuba amahle ebhizinisi. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokudla yaseShayina sekufinyelele esigabeni sokuqala sokuhlinzeka, okuwukusebenza kwethu kokuqala! Njengomshini wethu wekhekhe lepentshisi, ukusungulwa kanye nentuthuko sekufinyelele izinga lokuqala lamazwe ngamazwe, okuyisidingo sethu!
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isidingo semakethe semboni yemishini yokudla yasekhaya siye saphendukela emishinini yokudla esezingeni eliphakathi nephezulu. Endabeni yokukhula kancane emakethe isiyonke, isabelo semakethe sokunemba okuphezulu kanye nemishini yokudla ehlakaniphile inyukile. Ingxenye yemishini yokudla ephezulu ekusetshenzisweni okuphelele kwemishini yokudla ikhuphuke yafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-60%. Imishini yokudla iyathuthuka iqonde ngesivinini esikhulu, ukunemba, ubuhlakani, ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokudla yasekhaya esezingeni eliphezulu incike kakhulu ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe, futhi isabelo semakethe semikhiqizo yasekhaya sisaphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Kungashiwo ukuthi imishini yokudla enembayo ephezulu futhi ehlakaniphile izoba umkhuba wokuthuthukisa imboni.
Imishini yokupakisha ukudla idinga ukuba sezingeni eliphezulu
Njengamanje, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemishini yokudla yaseShayina kwenze impumelelo ethile futhi kuyaqhubeka nokugcina intuthuko eqhubekayo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokudla yasekhaya kusabhekene nezinto ezithile ezivimbelayo. Ngokombono wokuthuthukiswa kwayo yonke imboni kanye nesidingo semakethe, ubuchwepheshe obubuyela emuva, izinto zokusebenza eziphelelwe yisikhathi, njll. zivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi. Amabhizinisi amaningi emishini yokudla azama ukushintsha imikhiqizo, kodwa amaningi athuthuka kuphela ngesisekelo semishini yokuqala, okungase kuthiwe ayishintshile isobho, akukho okusha nokuthuthukiswa, nokuntuleka kwezicelo zobuchwepheshe ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Eqinisweni, insimu yemishini yokudla ephezulu okwamanje ubuhlungu bokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yemishini yokudla yasekhaya. Enqubweni yokuguqulwa kwe-automation, kwakhiwa imakethe enkulu yemboni yemishini yokudla. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo ephezulu emelela ngokuphelele amandla emishini yokudla enenzuzo ephezulu iye yathathwa amazwe angaphandle. Manje iJalimane, i-United States ne-Japan ziqhudelana ngamandla ngemakethe yaseShayina.
Njengamanje, imikhiqizo ekhuthazwa amabhizinisi emishini yokudla ibonakala ngokulondoloza abasebenzi, ukuhlakanipha okwengeziwe, ukusebenza okulula, ukukhiqiza okukhulayo kanye nemikhiqizo ezinzile.
Imishini yokupakisha ukudla idinga ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi
Eminyakeni engu-20 noma engu-30 edlule, nakuba ukubukeka kwemishini yemishini akuzange kushintshe kakhulu, empeleni, imisebenzi yayo iye yanda kakhulu, okwenza ihlakaniphe futhi ilawuleke. Thatha i-fryer eqhubekayo njengesibonelo. Ngokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa yilo mkhiqizo ayifani nje kuphela ngekhwalithi, kodwa futhi ihamba kancane ekuwohlokeni kwamafutha. Ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile akudingi ukuxutshwa ngezandla njengokujwayelekile, okonga kokubili izindleko zabasebenzi neziphethiloli zamabhizinisi. Izindleko zonyaka ezongiwe zifinyelela ku-20% “Imishini yokupakisha yenkampani izuze ubuhlakani. Umshini ungasetshenziswa umuntu oyedwa kuphela. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini efanayo yangaphambilini, yonga abasebenzi abangu-8. Ukwengeza, imishini ifakwe i-air conditioner, enqoba iphutha lokuguqulwa komkhiqizo okubangelwa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lemishini efanayo, futhi umkhiqizo ohlanganisiwe muhle kakhulu.
Eminyakeni yakamuva, amabhizinisi emishini yokudla yasekhaya enze inqubekelaphambili enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe, amazinga obunikazi kanye nokwakhiwa komkhiqizo ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kusungulwe izinto ezintsha. Ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okuzuziwe kwamabhizinisi amaningi anamandla embonini kakade sekuqalile ukuguqula isimo esinamahloni sokuthi amabhizinisi emishini yokudla angathatha umzila wamazwe ngamazwe osezingeni eliphansi. Kepha sekukonke, akunangqondo ukuthi amabhizinisi emishini yokudla yaseShayina adlule i-United States kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo okungenani.
Imboni yemishini yokudla yasekhaya ikhula ngokushesha. Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa uhlaka lwamandla okukhiqiza kanye nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokudla esezingeni eliphezulu kuzoba izinjongo ezibalulekile zesigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthukiswa kwemboni. Ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukugxilisa ingqondo embonini, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamandla okukhiqiza, kanye nokwenza ngcono i-R&D namandla okukhiqiza emishini yokudla ephezulu kuzoba izidingo eziyisisekelo zokufeza umgomo wokuba izwe elinamandla lemishini yokudla. Ubuchwepheshe, imali enkulu kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke kwenze izinga lokukhiqiza lemishini yokupakisha lithuthuke ngokushesha. Kukholakala ukuthi imboni yemishini yokupakisha yaseChina, enamandla angenamkhawulo, izokhanya ngokugqamile ezingeni lomhlaba.